Lukisan gua di Sulawesi diperkirakan sebagai salah satu karya seni tertua dunia - Cave paintings in Sulawesi is estimated as one of the world's oldest artworks

Temuan lukisan gua berusia 40.000 tahun di Sulawesi

Seniman menempelkan cat dengan tangan ke dinding dan langit-langit gua.

Para ilmuwan menemukan sejumlah lukisan kuno di gua-gua di kawasan pedesaan Maros, Sulawesi Selatan dan diperkirakan sebagai salah satu karya seni tertua dunia.

Sejauh ini, temuan lukisan di gua-gua hanya ditemukan di Eropa Barat.
Para peneliti mengatakan kepada jurnal Nature bahwa temuan di Indonesia ini dapat memberikan gambaran lebih lanjut tentang bagaimana manusia menemukan kemampuan memproduksi barang seni.
Para ilmuwan dari Australia dan Indonesia meneliti lapisan stalaktit di gua itu yang menutupi lukisan-lukisan tersebut.
Para seniman purba membuat lukisan itu dengan menempelkan cat dengan tangan ke dinding dan langit-langit gua.
Lukisan paling tua berumur paling tidak 40.000 tahun.

Lukisan figur tertua

Dr Maxime Aubert, dari Universitas Griffith di Queensland, Australia, yang meneliti umur lukisan itu menerangkan bahwa salah satu di antaranya kemungkinan lukisan sejenis yang paling kuno.

Lukisan binatang yang kemungkinan hanya ditemukan dan diburu di Sulawesi.

"Usia lukisan ini adalah 39.900 tahun, dan merupakan lukisan stensil tangan tertua di dunia.
"Di samping lukisan ini adalah lukisan babi yang berumur paling tidak 35.400 tahun dan merupakan salah satu lukisan figur tertua di dunia, atau mungkin yang tertua," katanya kepada BBC News.
Ada pula lukisan gua yang berusia sekitar 27.000 tahun, dan itu berarti penduduk di sekitar melukis selama paling tidak 13.000 tahun.
Selain itu, ada pula lukisan di gua-gua di kawasan Bone, sekitar 100 kilometer di utara Maros.
Namun lukisan-lukisan itu tidak dapat diteliti umurnya karena banyaknya stalaktit.
Tetapi menurut para peneliti, usia lukisan itu kemungkinan sama dengan yang di Maros karena jenisnya mirip.
Temuan karya seni gua Indonesia ini penting karena menunjukkan awal intelektual manusia.

Lukisan manusia

Seni dan kemampuan untuk berpikir abstrak merupakan perbedaan utama manusia dengan binatang.
Kemampuan ini mengantarkan manusia untuk menggunakan api, mengembangkan roda dan jenis teknologi lain.
Temuan ini juga menandai momen penting saat spesies kita menjadi manusia yang sebenarnya.
Usia karya seni di Sulawesi ini juga menunjukkan bahwa gagasan tentang kapan dan dimana evolusi terjadi harus direvisi lagi.
Lukisan yang ditemukan di Sulawesi dan lukisan gua di Spanyol tampak serupa dan keduanya berumur sama.
Selama berabad-abad, karya seni gua hanya ditemukan di Spanyol dan Prancis selatan.

Dr Muhammad Ramli mengatakan lukisan di Maros ini terkikis polusi akibat industri lokal.

Dengan temuan itu, banyak yang meyakini ledakan kreativitas yang berujung pada munculnya seni dan sains yang ada sekarang bermula di Eropa.
Namun temuan lukisan serupa di Indonesia ini akan mempengaruhi pandangan itu, menurut Profesor Chris Stringer dari Museum Natural History di London.

Dalam bentuk stensil tangan

Temuan lukisan berusia 40.000 tahun ini di Sulawesi menunjukkan kemampuan menciptakan karya seni berasal dari Afrika, sebelum manusia modern menyebarkannya ke seluruh dunia.
"Landasan karya seni ini berasal dari 60.000 tahun lalu dan bahkan telah ada di Afrika sebelum 60.000 tahun lalu dan menyebar melalui manusia modern," kata Stringer.
Dr Adam Brumm - salah seorang pemimpin peneliti di Sulawesi- mengatakan banyak tempat di Asia dan juga Australia, memiliki karya seni yang sangat tua namun belum secara akurat diteliti usianya.
Sementara itu, Dr Muhammad Ramli, pakar arkeologi, mengatakan lukisan di Maros ini terkikis polusi akibat industri lokal.
"Pada awal tahun 1980an, banyak lukisan gua di situs ini dalam bentuk stensil tangan, seperti yang Anda lihat sekarang. Dan banyak yang rusak," kata Muhammad.
"Perlu dilakukan studi konservasi untuk mencari cara terbaik dalam menjaga situs-situs ini sehingga lukisan yang ada tetap bertahan," katanya kepada BBC News.

ENGLISH

The findings of 40,000 year-old cave paintings in Sulawesi
Artists paint with hands pressed to the walls and ceiling of the cave.

The scientists found a number of ancient paintings in the caves in the rural areas Maros, South Sulawesi and is expected as one of the world's oldest artworks.

So far, the findings of the paintings in the caves are only found in Western Europe.

Researchers tell the journal Nature that the findings in Indonesia can provide further insights about how people find the ability to produce art.

Scientists from Australia and Indonesia researching stalactites in the cave layer that covers the paintings.

The ancient artists made ​​the painting with a paint stick with a hand to the wall and ceiling of the cave.

The oldest painting at least 40,000 years old.
The oldest figure painting

Dr. Maxime Aubert, from Griffith University in Queensland, Australia, which examined the age of the painting explains that one of these possibilities is the most ancient type of painting.
Paintings of animals that may only be found and hunted in Sulawesi.

"The age of this painting is 39,900 years, and is the oldest hand stencil painting in the world.

"In addition to this painting is the painting of the pigs at least 35,400 years old and is one of the world's oldest painting figures, or perhaps the oldest," he told BBC News.

There are also cave paintings dating back some 27,000 years, and that means residents around the painting for at least 13,000 years.

In addition, there are also paintings in caves in the Bone area, about 100 kilometers north of the Maros.

But the paintings that can not be investigated because of the many stalactites age.

But according to the researchers, the age of the painting was likely the same as that in Maros because of similar kind.

Findings Indonesian cave artwork is important because it indicates the beginning of human intellectual.
painting human

Art and the ability to think abstractly is the main difference with the human animal.

This capability leads man to use fire, the wheel and develop other types of technology.

This finding also marks an important moment when our species into real human being.

Age at the Sulawesi artwork also shows that the idea of ​​when and where the evolution happens to be revised again.

Painting found in Sulawesi and cave paintings in Spain look similar and both are the same age.

For centuries, the cave artwork found only in Spain and southern France.
Dr. Muhammad Ramli said Maros paintings in this eroded due to local industrial pollution.

With these findings, many believe the explosion of creativity that led to the emergence of the art and the science that originated in Europe now.

However, the findings of a similar painting in Indonesia this will affect the view that, according to Professor Chris Stringer of the Natural History Museum in London.
In the form of hand stencils

The findings of 40,000 year-old paintings in Sulawesi demonstrate the ability to create works of art from Africa, before modern humans spread throughout the world.

"The foundation of this art comes from 60,000 years ago and there have even been in Africa before 60,000 years ago and spread through the modern human," said Stringer.

Dr Adam Brumm - one of the leading investigators in Sulawesi- said many places in Asia and also Australia, has a very old artwork but has not been accurately investigated age.

Meanwhile, Dr. Muhammad Ramli, archaeologists, said Maros painting in this eroded due to local industrial pollution.

"In the early 1980s, many cave paintings at this site in the form of hand stencils, as you can see now. And many were damaged," said Muhammad.

"Necessary conservation study to find the best way to keep these sites so that the paintings remain," he told BBC News.