Makam kaisar Tiongkok, Qin Shi Huang, disebut-sebut sebagai salah satu penemuan arkeologi terbesar abad ke-20. Sejarah mencatat, Qin Shi Huang merupakan kaisar pertama Dinasti Qin yang memimpin Tiongkok diantara periode 221 SM – 210 SM. Salah satu karya monumentalnya selain penyempurnaan konstruksi bangunan Tembok Besar China ialah pembangunan makam agungnya sendiri. Berbeda dengan Fir'aun Mesir Kuno, Cheops (Khufu) yang memilih untuk membangun sebuah Piramida Agung di Giza sebagai tempat peristirahatan terakhirnya, Kaisar Qin Shi Huang lebih memilih menjadikan makamnya bak sebuah Istana dengan penjagaan ribuan patung prajuritnya.
Makam sang kaisar memang begitu mempesona. Terdapat kurang lebih 8000 patung yang menggambarkan sosok para prajurit beserta kuda-kuda perang berdiri berjejer disepanjang makam. Yang lebih menarik lagi, semua patung-patung tersebut tidaklah sama antara satu dengan yang lainnya baik itu bentuk pakaian, mimik wajah, model rambut, hingga persenjataan yang mereka bawa. Selain itu, mereka juga dibedakan oleh pangkat kemiliterannya seperti Jendral, perwira, hingga para prajurit biasa. Patung prajurit yang memiliki ukuran tubuh paling tinggi ialah yang berpangkat jendral.
Patung-patung yang disebut sebagai Prajurit Terracotta ini keselururuhan terbuat dari tanah liat yang dibentuk didalam cetakan. Tingginya pun bervariasi antara 183 – 195 cm. Untuk bagian kepala, dibuat secara terpisah dari bagian badan agar memiliki bentuk dan mimik wajah yang berbeda satu sama lain. Sementara bagian-bagian wajah seperti bibir, mata, dan telinga ditambahkan secara manual dan bentuknya disempurnakan oleh polesan tangan si pematung. Patung yang telah jadi kemudian dibakar agar dihasilkan konstruksi yang lebih keras dan kokoh. Untuk tahap akhir, dilakukan pengecatan walaupun kebanyakan patung kini catnya telah memudar.
Sejak ditemukan oleh beberapa petani lokal diwilayah Xi'an, Propinsi Shaanxi, China ditahun 1974 silam, hingga kini masih terus dilakukan penggalian di sana. Para Arkelog memperkirakan masih banyak patung dan artifak-artifak lainnya yang masih terpendam. Mereka juga belum dapat memastikan berapa jumlah angka-angka penemuan ini akan terus bertambah. Kalkulasi terbaru menyebutkan, terdapat lebih dari 8000 patung prajurit, 130 kereta perang beserta 520 kudanya, serta 150 pasukan berkuda yang terdapat di tiga terowongan utama makam. Sungguh merupakan pemandangan yang menakjubkan mengingat baru satu persen dari keseluruhan bagian makam yang telah digali!
Tidak semua harta benda dan perhiasan sang kaisar telah ditemukan. Konon, masih banyak harta benda berharga Kaisar Qin Shi Huang yang tersimpan disuatu bagian makam, dimana ditempat itu terpasang perangkap-perangkap yang dapat menembakkan anak panah secara otomatis kepada siapapun yang berani mengusiknya. Bahkan diyakini para pekerja yang memasang perangkap-perangkap tersebut turut dikuburkan hidup-hidup agar kerahasiannya tetap terjaga. Terdengar cukup menakutkan, bukan?
Menurut sejarawan Sima Qian (145 – 90 SM), pembangunan makam agung kaisar Qin Shi Huang dimulai disekitar 246 SM – disaat usia sang Kaisar baru menginjak 13 tahun – dengan memperkerjakan kurang lebih 700.000 pekerja. Namun apa tujuan Kaisar Qin Shi Huang membangun semua ini?
Faktanya, makam ini didirikan sebagai gambaran akan sebuah istana bawah tanah yang begitu besar dan mewah. Bahkan dikatakan ia adalah istana bawah tanah dengan struktur paling rumit dalam kemegahan dan fasilitasnya. Tiruan sungai yang terbuat dari air raksa serta langit-langit dengan hiasaan mutiara turut mempercantik istana. Kepercayaan di lingkungan kerajaan menyebutkan bahwa Kaisar Qin Shi Huang akan terus memimpin kerajaan dikehidupan berikutnya (alam baka/akhirat). Untuk itu ia membutuhkan sebuah istana sebagai pusat kerajaan, lengkap beserta para bala tentaranya dan pegawai-pegawai pemerintahan
ENGLISH
Tomb of the Emperor of China , Qin Shi Huang , is touted as one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century . History records , Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who led China between the period 221 BC - 210 BC . One of the landmark work in addition to perfecting construction of the Great Wall of China is building its own glorious tomb . Unlike the ancient Egyptian pharaohs , Cheops ( Khufu ) who choose to build a Great Pyramid at Giza as a final resting place , the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's tomb tub prefer to make a palace with statues guarding thousands of soldiers .
Tomb of the Emperor is so fascinating . There are approximately 8000 sculptures depicting the figure of the soldiers and their war horses standing in line alongside the tomb . Even more interesting , all the statues are not the same between each other both forms of clothing , facial expression , hairstyle , up weapons they carry . In addition , they are also distinguished by his military rank as General , officers , up to the common soldier . Statue of a soldier who has a body size is the most high -ranking generals .
The statues known as the Terracotta Warriors keselururuhan made of clay formed in the mold . Height was varied between 183-195 cm . For the head , made separately from the body in order to have the shape and facial expressions are different from each other . While parts of the face such as the lips , eyes , and ears added manually and shape enhanced by the hand of the sculptor polish . The statue that has been so then burned in order to produce a harder construction and sturdy . For the final stage , although most of the sculptures done painting the paint has faded now .
Since being discovered by some local farmers in the region of Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China 1974 year ago , is still being conducted excavations there . The arkelog estimates are still many statues and other artifacts that are still hidden . They also can not be sure how many numbers will continue to grow this invention . Recent calculations mentioned , there are more than 8,000 statues of soldiers , 130 chariots along with 520 horses and 150 cavalry contained in three main tunnels tomb . It was an amazing sight to remember only one percent of the entire passage tombs have been unearthed !
Not all property and jewelry emperor has been found . That said , there are many valuable possessions of Emperor Qin Shi Huang 's tomb disuatu stored , where it was installed in place the traps that can fire arrows automatically to anyone who dared to disturb him . Even believed the workers who installed these pitfalls also buried alive so that confidentiality is maintained. Sounds pretty scary , is not it?
According to the historian Sima Qian ( 145-90 BC ) , construction of the tomb of the great emperor Qin Shi Huang began around 246 BC - the age when the Emperor just turned 13 years old - with employing approximately 700,000 workers . But what is the purpose of Emperor Qin Shi Huang built all this ?
In fact , this cemetery was established as a picture of an underground palace so large and luxurious . Even said he was underground palace with the most complex structure in the grandeur and amenities . Artificial rivers made of mercury and the ceiling with pearl hiasaan helped beautify the palace . Confidence in the kingdom said that Emperor Qin Shi Huang will continue to lead the next dikehidupan kingdom (afterlife / hereafter ) . For that he needs a royal palace as a center , complete with the army and government officials
Tomb of the Emperor of China , Qin Shi Huang , is touted as one of the greatest archaeological discoveries of the 20th century . History records , Qin Shi Huang was the first emperor of the Qin Dynasty who led China between the period 221 BC - 210 BC . One of the landmark work in addition to perfecting construction of the Great Wall of China is building its own glorious tomb . Unlike the ancient Egyptian pharaohs , Cheops ( Khufu ) who choose to build a Great Pyramid at Giza as a final resting place , the Emperor Qin Shi Huang's tomb tub prefer to make a palace with statues guarding thousands of soldiers .
Tomb of the Emperor is so fascinating . There are approximately 8000 sculptures depicting the figure of the soldiers and their war horses standing in line alongside the tomb . Even more interesting , all the statues are not the same between each other both forms of clothing , facial expression , hairstyle , up weapons they carry . In addition , they are also distinguished by his military rank as General , officers , up to the common soldier . Statue of a soldier who has a body size is the most high -ranking generals .
The statues known as the Terracotta Warriors keselururuhan made of clay formed in the mold . Height was varied between 183-195 cm . For the head , made separately from the body in order to have the shape and facial expressions are different from each other . While parts of the face such as the lips , eyes , and ears added manually and shape enhanced by the hand of the sculptor polish . The statue that has been so then burned in order to produce a harder construction and sturdy . For the final stage , although most of the sculptures done painting the paint has faded now .
Since being discovered by some local farmers in the region of Xi'an , Shaanxi Province , China 1974 year ago , is still being conducted excavations there . The arkelog estimates are still many statues and other artifacts that are still hidden . They also can not be sure how many numbers will continue to grow this invention . Recent calculations mentioned , there are more than 8,000 statues of soldiers , 130 chariots along with 520 horses and 150 cavalry contained in three main tunnels tomb . It was an amazing sight to remember only one percent of the entire passage tombs have been unearthed !
Not all property and jewelry emperor has been found . That said , there are many valuable possessions of Emperor Qin Shi Huang 's tomb disuatu stored , where it was installed in place the traps that can fire arrows automatically to anyone who dared to disturb him . Even believed the workers who installed these pitfalls also buried alive so that confidentiality is maintained. Sounds pretty scary , is not it?
According to the historian Sima Qian ( 145-90 BC ) , construction of the tomb of the great emperor Qin Shi Huang began around 246 BC - the age when the Emperor just turned 13 years old - with employing approximately 700,000 workers . But what is the purpose of Emperor Qin Shi Huang built all this ?
In fact , this cemetery was established as a picture of an underground palace so large and luxurious . Even said he was underground palace with the most complex structure in the grandeur and amenities . Artificial rivers made of mercury and the ceiling with pearl hiasaan helped beautify the palace . Confidence in the kingdom said that Emperor Qin Shi Huang will continue to lead the next dikehidupan kingdom (afterlife / hereafter ) . For that he needs a royal palace as a center , complete with the army and government officials
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